System (also: network or grid) operators in the European Union Internal Electricity Market are:

 

Transmission System Operators (TSOs),

  

Distribution System Operators (DSOs),

 

Closed Distribution System Operators (CDSOs).

 

Network operators “are universally regarded as natural monopolies requiring regulation by national regulatory authorities” (CEER Report on Regulatory Frameworks for European Energy Networks, Ref: C18-IRB-38-03, 18 January 2019Ref: C18-IRB-38-03, 18 January 2019, p. 7).

 

 

 

 

IMG 0744

    Documentation    

 

 

 

 

Directive 2009/72/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing Directive 2003/54/EC

 

CEER Report on Regulatory Frameworks for European Energy Networks, Ref: C18-IRB-38-03, 18 January 2019Ref: C18-IRB-38-03, 18 January 2019

 

 

 

 

 

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    Links    

 

 

 

 

European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E)

 

Electricity market operator

 

 

 

 

 

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